Luận án Đánh giá mức độ phát thải của hoạt động đốt rơm rạ và khả năng tác động của chúng đến chất lượng không khí – nghiên cứu thí điểm tại đồng bằng Tây Nam Bộ

Nội dung text: Luận án Đánh giá mức độ phát thải của hoạt động đốt rơm rạ và khả năng tác động của chúng đến chất lượng không khí – nghiên cứu thí điểm tại đồng bằng Tây Nam Bộ

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7. Phụ lục 1. Hệ số phát thải các chất ô nhiễm không khí từ đốt phụ phẩm nông nghiệp tại hiện trường EF (g/kg) Nguồn Loại nhiên liệu Ethyl MCE CO2 VOC n-hexan benzen toluen xylen styren PAH NOx SO2 PM2.5 PM10 TSP benzen Alves &al, 2019 Đồng cỏ 1628 0,01 13,40 0,97 Andreae, 1996 Mía đường 1,40 0,97 Andreae & al, Mía đường 3,90 1998 Blake & al, 1996 Đồng cỏ 0,11 0,06 0,96 Christian &al, Đồng cỏ 1343 0,33 0,79 2007 Christian & al., Ngô 16,85 2010 deZarate & al., Ngũ cốc 1400 2,80 13,00 0,96 2000 Dhammapala, Lúa mì 3,40 2007 Fang & al, 2017 Rơm rạ 1262 5,04 0,12 0,57 0,21 0,06 0,03 0,10 1,47 0,07 3,73 0,93 Fang & al, 2017 Ngô 1477 2,47 0,00 0,16 0,14 0,03 0,02 0,04 5,00 0,99 5,44 0,95 Fang & al, 2017 Lúa mì 1423 3,08 0,00 0,25 0,13 0,04 0,01 0,03 3,08 0,72 6,36 0,95 Friedli & al, Chất thải nông nghiệp 2003
8. EF (g/kg) Nguồn Loại nhiên liệu Ethyl MCE CO2 VOC n-hexan benzen toluen xylen styren PAH NOx SO2 PM2.5 PM10 TSP benzen Kostenidou &al, Ô liu 1600 0,18 0,18 0,26 1,07 0,96 2013 Kudo & al 2014 Lúa mì 1698 0,31 0,24 0,96 Kumar &al, Lúa mì 0,17 0,25 0,04 0,95 2018 Li & al 2007 Rơm rạ và lúa mì 1470 7,50 3,30 0,85 0,94 Li & al 2007 Ngô 1350 10,00 4,30 0,44 0,94 Li & al, 2009 Ngô, rơm rạ 1,64 0,01 0,25 0,14 0,07 0,02 Liousse & al, Chất thải nông nghiệp 1996 Liu & al, 2016 Rơm rạ 1339 0,14 0,09 1,57 0,80 8,52 0,93 Lobert & al. Rơm rạ 1991 Ludwig & al, Ngô 1719 3,64 0,95 2003 Nguyen & al, Rơm rạ 0,88 1994 Ni & al 2015 Chất thải nông nghiệp 1351 10,60 0,94 Obrist &al, 2007 Rơm rạ
9. EF (g/kg) Nguồn Loại nhiên liệu Ethyl MCE CO2 VOC n-hexan benzen toluen xylen styren PAH NOx SO2 PM2.5 PM10 TSP benzen Zhuang & al, Chất thải nông nghiệp 1996 Wang & al,2017 Chất thải nông nghiệp 0,16 0,95 Violeta & al,, Mía đường 1618 7,97 1,68 2018 Naxieli & al., Chất thải nông nghiệp 1053 11,30 12,56 2018 Duanpen & al., Cây ngô 148,00 2018 Somporn & al., Chất thải nông nghiệp 1220 3,88 2019 Pham & et Rơm rạ 254.4 al.,2019 0.94 Pham & et 10.2 Rơm rạ 1234 0,10 1,82 ± al.,2021 ± 8.5 0.01 Trung bình 1431 17,66 0,03 0,26 0,16 0,10 0,04 0,04 0,27 2,28 0,88 8,10 12,56 12,95 0,93
10. Nồng độ của PM, µg/m3 (25°C and 1 atm ) TSP PM10 PM2.5 Kí hiệu Đóng góp Đóng góp Đóng góp mẫu Mẫu Mẫu Mẫu nền Mẫu đốt ròng (net Mẫu đốt ròng (net Mẫu đốt ròng ( net nền nền contribution) contribution) contribution) CT3 140 3382 3244 39 2892 2853 32 2624 2592 3185 ± TB ± SD 132 ± 11 3053 ± 659 42 ± 6 2707 ± 545 2665 ± 541 32 ± 2 2535 ± 483 2503 ± 485 651 Phụ lục 3. Nồng độ các chất ô nhiễm dạng khí Nồng độ của CO2 và các chất ô nhiễm dạng khí (25°C and 1 atm ) 3 3 3 CO2 (mg//m ) SO2 (µg/m ) NO2 (µg/m ) Kí hiệu Đóng góp Đóng góp Đóng góp mẫu Mẫu nền Mẫu đốt ròng ( net Mẫu nền Mẫu đốt ròng ( net Mẫu nền Mẫu đốt ròng ( net contribution) contribution) contribution) HG1 778,2 985,2 207,0 13,5 353,4 340,0 33,5 258,5 225,0 HG2 743,2 934,5 191,3 19,1 174,5 155,4 32,5 276,5 244,0 HG3 759,1 1004,1 244,9 24,5 249,0 224,5 29,9 308,9 279,0 760,2 ± 214,41 ± 19,01 ± 258,96 ± 239,95 ± 31,95 ± 281,29 ± Mean±SD 974,6 ± 35,9 249,34 ± 27,4 17,5 27,57 5,53 89,96 93,24 1,85 25,56 AG1 678,2 950,0 271,80 20,3 351,2 330,9 48,3 280,3 232,0 AG2 723,7 1012,4 288,75 24,7 291,0 266,3 51,9 303,1 251,2 AG3 607,9 849,7 241,76 26,0 341,4 315,4 42,6 365,6 323,0
11. Phụ lục 4. Tóm tắt thông tin nhóm BTEX Nồng độ Giới hạn Nồng độ trong phát hiện môi không trong trường Trọng Nồng độ trong khí thải ô tô khí nghiên cứu nền tại Hợp chất lượng (De Nevers 2010) ngoài này Cần Thơ phân tử trời (NIOSH, (nghiên (Miri et 2003) cứu này ) al. 2016) ppm g/m3 Tỷ lệ * g/mẫu g/m3 µg/m3 Benzen 78.11 22 70.1 1 0.5 ND 3.40 4.68 ± Toluen 92.14 55 206.8 2.95 0.7 16.26 2.02 0.96 ± Ethylbenzen 106.167 - - - 0.5 3.63 0.47 Xylen 106.167 50 216.7 3.09 0.75 2.2 ± 0.45 12.73 *Tỷ lệ giữa các chất trong nhóm BTEX (toluene and m,p-xylene) and benze Phụ lục 5. Phương trình đường chuẩn của VOCS STT VOCs Phương trình đường chuẩn R2 1 Benzen f(x)=3851,43*x+7124,35 0,999 2 Toluen f(x)=3881,76*x+2007,84 0,999 3 Ethylbenzen f(x)=3975,54*x+3044,07 0,999 4 m+p-xylen f(x)=3857,66*x+2399,88 0,999 5 Methyl clorua f(x)=3748,78*x+4222,02 0,998 6 Chloroform f(x)=238,227*x+654,890 0,996 7 n-pentan f(x)=3070,37*x+1679,66 0,998 8 n-hexan f(x)=3296,00*x+1411,68 0,999 9 Cyclohexan f(x)=3930,21*x+15674,6 0,998 10 Axeton f(x)=1453,23*x+1215,51 0,998
12. Phụ lục 7. Hình ảnh bố trí thí nghiệm hiện trường
13. Phụ lục 9. Hình ảnh một số thiết bị thực nghiệm tại hiện trường Đốt rơm rạ Vị trí đặt thiết bị Lấy mẫu bụi PM10 Lấy mẫu bụi TSP Lấy mẫu khí Đo CO và CO2 EPAM 5000 đo PM2,5 Phỏng vấn người dân